Moody’s RMS Event Response Estimates U.S. Private Market Insured Losses for Hurricane Helene to be between US$8 Billion and US$14 Billion

NEWARK, CA – October 7, 2024 – Moody’s RMS Event Response estimates total U.S. private market insured losses from Hurricane Helene to be between US$8 billion and US$14 billion, with a best estimate of $11 billion. This estimate represents insured losses associated with wind, storm surge, and precipitation-induced flooding from the event.   

Moody’s RMS Event Response also estimates losses to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) from this event could reach US$2+ billion.

Hurricane Helene was the sixth named storm of the 2024 North Atlantic hurricane season, and the fourth hurricane to make landfall in the U.S. this season. The most recent year with three or more landfalling U.S. hurricanes is 2020.

Hurricane Helene made landfall as a Category 4 major hurricane west-southwest of Perry, Taylor County, Florida on September 27, 2024. At landfall, Helene had maximum sustained winds of 140 miles per hour (225 kilometers per hour) and a central pressure of 938 hPa, bringing hurricane-force winds, damaging storm surge, and heavy rainfall to the Louisiana coastline.

This loss estimate reflects wind losses in Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, and parts of the Mid-Atlantic, as well as storm surge losses in Florida, based on an analysis of ensemble footprints in Moody’s RMS Version 23 North Atlantic Hurricane Models. The ensemble footprints are reconstructions of Helene’s hazard that capture the uncertainties surrounding observed winds and storm surge.

The industry estimate also includes impacts from precipitation-induced inland flooding in the affected regions, particularly North Carolina, using flood footprint reconstructions in Version 1.2 of Moody’s RMS U.S. Inland Flood HD Model.

Exposure informing the private market loss estimates was based on Moody’s RMS U.S. Hurricane and U.S. Private Flood industry exposure databases. Exposure for the NFIP loss estimate was based on Moody’s view of NFIP policy-in-force data published by FEMA.

Moody’s RMS Event Response developed and validated the wind, storm surge, and inland flood reconstructions and corresponding loss estimates using proprietary and publicly available data, including wind station observations, river gauge water level data, web- and in-person field reconnaissance, aerial imagery analysis, and Moody’s RMS HWind real-time data products.

Estimated losses reflect property damage and business interruption to residential, commercial, industrial, and automobile lines of business, and consider sources of post-event loss amplification (PLA) and non-modeled losses from extended power outages, and infrastructure damage to roads, transmission, and distribution lines.

Moody’s RMS Event Response expects the private market losses to be driven by wind, with a higher contribution coming from Georgia than Florida. However, storm surge in Florida and floods in North Carolina will also contribute notably to total private market-insured losses.

In contrast, NFIP losses are expected to be largely driven by storm surge in Florida as take-up in the flood-devastated regions in North Carolina is minimal. Insured wind and NFIP losses will be driven by residential lines, while storm surge and inland flood losses to the private market will be driven by commercial, industrial, and automobile lines. 

With Major Hurricane Milton due to landfall on Florida’s west coast in the coming days, damage in areas of Florida, where there is overlap between the two storms may be difficult for claims adjusters to assign them to the event that caused the most damage.  This loss estimate is isolated to Helene-specific impacts.

Mohsen Rahnama, Chief Risk Modeling Officer, Moody’s, commented: “Hurricane Helene is by far the most impactful event of the current 2024 hurricane season thus far, though this may quickly change with Major Hurricane Milton due to impact Florida in the coming days. With Helene, multiple states were affected with different degrees of damage from wind, storm surge, and excessive rainfall-induced flooding.

With a unique and complex event such as Helene, delivering a complete and well-informed view of expected losses across all major sources is paramount. In developing the wind footprint for this event, we benefited from access to critical observational data from areas that experienced the strongest winds, thanks to our exclusive partnership with Texas Tech’s StickNet program.

Additionally, our broader observational data network that informs our Moody’s RMS HWind products allowed us to address remaining gaps in station coverage. Complimenting these quantitative data sources was a wealth of qualitative insights from aerial imagery analysis of building footprints and our field reconnaissance team that spent several days surveying the extent and severity of wind and water damage in Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina.”

Firas Saleh, Director - U.S. Inland Flood Models, Moody’s added, “The worst impacts from this event are from inland flooding, where Helene completely devastated several towns in North Carolina, Tennessee, and surrounding states with historical levels of precipitation. Thousands of buildings were exposed to fast-moving waters over eight feet, and several to depths greater than 15 feet. We expect widespread damage and total constructive losses in these regions, with prolonged recovery after the catastrophic infrastructure damage.

Unfortunately, flood insurance penetration is extremely low in the worst-affected region, meaning most of the damage will be uninsured, and economic property losses will far outweigh insured losses. We expect to see Helene accelerating flood insurance purchases to help close the significant flood protection gap in these regions.”

Raj Vojjala, Managing Director, Modeling and Analytics, Moody’s, said “From a wind perspective, the building stock in Florida continues to be resilient, thanks to improved code provisions and the requirement to ‘build back better’ following recent Hurricanes like Irma, Ian, Idalia, etc. However, in interior parts of Georgia and the Carolinas, building stock tends to be older with less stringent enforcement of wind design provisions. Many of these structures with aged roofs did not withstand damaging winds that extended far inland in Helene due to the fast forward speed of the storm.

An unprecedented amount of treefall-related property damage, from high winds and saturated soils, further exacerbated wind losses in Georgia, making Helene potentially the worst hurricane loss in the state’s history. As such, even though the strongest winds were observed in Florida, we expect insured wind losses in this event to be driven by the interior states.”

Jeff Waters, Director - North Atlantic Hurricane Models, Moody’s, commented: “The combined impacts of wind and water from this event are noteworthy. Helene underwent rapid growth and intensification in the days leading up to landfall, resulting in a large wind field that prompted storm surge forecasts of up to 20 feet along Florida’s Gulf coastline. While the observed surge was not as severe, exposure-rich areas like Tampa Bay and points northward experienced record water levels and surge losses during the event.

NFIP take-up rates in Florida are the highest in the country, which should help absorb some of the losses in coastal counties. However, low coverage limits on NFIP policies mean a sizable portion of water damage could seep into the private market through standalone flood policies or via coverage leakage into wind-only policies.”

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The technology and data used in providing this information are based on the scientific data, mathematical and empirical models, and encoded experience of scientists and specialists. As with any model of physical systems, particularly those with low frequencies of occurrence and potentially high severity outcomes, the actual losses from catastrophic events may differ from the results of simulation analyses. 

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